The allocation for the two outer years of the MTREF period is R 1.454 billion and R 1.552 billion respectively. The allocation for the two outer years of the MTREF period is R 54,763 million and R 57,819 million respectively. Allocation for the two outer years of the MTREF period is R 1,625 million and R 1,759 million respectively.
The allocation for the last two years of the MTREF period is R 656,299 million and R 675,623 million respectively. The allocation for the last two years of the MTREF period is R 1,882 billion and R 2,030 billion respectively. The allocation for the last two years of the MTREF period is R 424,346 million and R 455,385 million respectively.
The allocation for the last two years of the MTREF period is R 358.997 million respectively. and R 372.78 million. The allocation for the two outer years of the MTREF period is R 111,764 million and R 119,717 million respectively. a) The reclassification of the free basic services (FBS) given to poor beneficiaries to this category of expenditure from the income pre-tax.
Interest on External Borrowings
Repairs and Maintenance
12 Repairs and Maintenance Trend
INFRASTRUCTURE ASSETS
COMMUNITY
OTHER ASSETS
13 Depreciation
Transfer to Bad Debt Reserve
2013/14 Adj budget
2013/14 Budget
2014/15 Budget
2015/16 Budget 2016/17
14 Operating Expenditure per Vote
OPERATING REVENUE BUDGET - HIGHLIGHTS AND REASONS FOR SIGNIFICANT VARIANCES Operating Revenue Framework
For Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality to continue providing quality services, it is necessary to generate the required revenue. Determining user fees for trading services at levels that reflect the cost recovery nature of these services; Municipal Property Rates Law Policy adopted in terms of the Municipal Property Rates Act, 2004 (Act No. 6 of 2004) (MPRA);.
The allocation for the last two years of the MTREF period is R7.458 billion and R7.912 billion respectively. Revenue generated from tolls and service charges form a significant part of the city's revenue basket. The chart below illustrates the sources of municipal revenue during the MTREF period, as noted above.
STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE - MANGAUNG (CONSOLIDATED)
17 Assessment Rates
Revenue ForgoneRatesFuel Levy
Agency ServicesSeconded Personnel
Millions
Revenue by Source
Overall assessment rates are set to increase by an average of 6% across the board for the 2014/15 financial year and by 6% for the two outer years, as outlined in the table below. The city is committed to reducing the rate ratio between housing and other categories and for this budget process in particular the current rate applicable to business and government institutions has been reduced from the current 0.24836 to 0.23590 before the 6% increase. Apart from the statutory exemption of R15 000 granted for each residential property in terms of the Property Rates Act, the City is continuing to maintain the same threshold limit of R70 000 for all residential properties ie.
The estimated rebate, which the city extends to all residential properties, is estimated to be in the region of R56,864 million for 2014/15 and R60,999 million and R65,435 million respectively for the MTREF.
Category Current 2013/2014 Proposed Tariff
Service Charges a) Sewerage Charges
2013/14 Proposed Tariff from 1
19 Residential
Step Tariffs
2012/13 Current 2013/14 Percentage Increase % Proposed Tariff from 1 July 2014
Non-Residential Step Tariffs
Current 2013/14 Percentage Increase % Proposed Tariff from 1 July 2014
Size of the Stand
Square metres) Current 2013/14 R
Proposed Tariff from 1 July 2014
Tariff per month (Maximum of 1 removal
The waste disposal for sectional title schemes assumes a single waste collection point for each complex and the uniform rate of R 79,39 is determined for each unit. The residential properties with a market value of R 70,000.00 or less are exempted from the payment of garbage disposal charges including all approved households in need of assistance.
22 i) Other Revenue
Revenue per Vote
Rates Corp Services
23 C. CAPITAL BUDGET
FUNDING BY SOURCE a) Summary
FINANCING - MANGUANG AND CENTLEC
Budget Year 2014/15
Budget Year 2015/16
Budget Year 2016/17
Grants and Subsidies
24 b) Grant Funding
GRANTS FUNDING
Budget Year
2014/15 Budget Year
2015/16 Budget Year 2016/17
25 c) Utilization of the Funding
Corporate Services
Social Services
26 Planning
Human Settlement and Housing
Waste Water Treatment
Landfill Sites
27 Bulk Water Supply
Other Grant Funded Projects
Loan Funded Projects 1. Proposed New Loans
Proposed New Loans Planning Projects
Engineering Services - Projects
Water
Existing Loans
Budget 2015/16
Own Funded Projects
Finance
Planning
Human Settlement and Planning
Fresh Produce Market
Engineering Services
Strategic Projects and Service Delivery Regulations
Network Service (Low Voltage)
Infrastructural Support Services (Transmission)
Botshabelo Regional Services
31 Development of Low Voltage Network due to Load Growth
Network Optimisation
Medium Voltage
Capital Budget per Vote
Directorate
Budget
32 Capital Budget per Cluster
Corporate Services
Finance Social Services
Planning Human Settlements
Market Engineering Water Strategic Projects
Electricity
MANGAUNG AND CENTLEC
BUDGET 2015/2016
BUDGET 2016/2017
TOTALCLUSTER WARD NR's
33 D. SUMMARY OF THE BUDGET
MAN Mangaung - Table A1 Consolidated Budget Summary
34 3. BUDGET RELATED RESOLUTIONS
- The Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality, acting in terms of Section 24 of the Municipality Finance Management Act, Act 56 of 2003, approves and adopts the 2014/15 annual budget, for the total operating
- that the financial position, cash flow, cash-backed reserve/accumulated surplus, asset management and basic service delivery targets be approved as set out in the following tables
- That the consolidated budget that includes the financial impact of Centlec (SOC) Ltd be approved
- That the Council of Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality acting in terms of Section 75A of the Local Government Municipal Systems Act, Act 32 of 2000 as amended, approve the following tariffs to be applied
- That the General Tariffs as set out in the Tariffs Booklet be approved for the 2014/15 financial year,
- That in terms of Section 24(c) (v) of the Municipal Finance Management Act, Act 56 of 2003, the budget related policies, including any amendments and the applicable by-laws as set out in the Annexure B be
- That Centlec (SOC) Ltd budget submissions for the period 2014/15 - 2016/17 be approved, as listed below
Municipal income, operating expenditure and capital expenditure are then classified in terms of each of these functional areas, which enable National Treasury to compile 'whole of government' reports.
MAN Mangaung - Table A2 Consolidated Budgeted Financial Performance (revenue and expenditure by standard classification)
Outcome
Audited Outcome
Original Budget
Adjusted Budget
Full Year Forecast
Budget Year +1 2015/16
Budget Year +2 2016/17
Framework
This table facilitates the view of the budgeted operational performance in relation to the organizational structure of the municipality.
Budget & TreasuryCorporate Services
Expenditure - Standard Classification
MAN Mangaung - Table A3 Consolidated Budgeted Financial Performance (revenue and expenditure by municipal vote)A
MAN Mangaung - Table A4 Consolidated Budgeted Financial Performance (revenue and expenditure)
Pre-audit outcome
Surplus/(Deficit) after capital transfers &
2014/15 Medium Term Revenue & Expenditure Framework
Current Year 2013/14
MAN Mangaung - Table A5 Consolidated Budgeted Capital Expenditure by vote, standard classification and funding
43 Table A6 - Budgeted Financial Position
MAN Mangaung - Table A6 Consolidated Budgeted Financial Position
Current assets
Current liabilities
FrameworkCurrent Year 2013/14
44 Table A7 - Budgeted Cash Flow Statement
MAN Mangaung - Table A7 Consolidated Budgeted Cash Flows
Receipts
The reconciliation of monetarily supported reserves/accumulated surplus is aligned with the requirements of circular MFMA 42 - Financing of the municipal budget. The table essentially estimates budget funding levels by first forecasting cash and investments at the end of the year and then reconciling available funds with existing liabilities/commitments. A deficit would mean that deposits exceed available cash and investments and would mean non-compliance with MFMA requirements that the municipal budget must be funded.
MAN Mangaung - Table A8 Consolidated Cash backed reserves/accumulated surplus reconciliation
46 Table A9 - Asset Management
MAN Mangaung - Table A9 Consolidated Asset Management
MAN Mangaung - Table A10 Consolidated basic service delivery measurement
48 SUPPLEMENTARY SCHEDULES TO TABLES A2 TO A10
MAN Mangaung - Supporting Table SA1 Supportinging detail to 'Budgeted Financial Performance'
MAN Mangaung - Supporting Table SA2 Consolidated Matrix Financial Performance Budget (revenue source/expenditure type & dept.) Description
Fresh Produce
Strategic
Electricity -
The following table provides the reader of Table A6 with more information on the composition of the main categories of items disclosed in the Municipality's Budgetary Financial Position, for ease of comparison.
MAN Mangaung - Supporting Table SA3 Supportinging detail to 'Budgeted Financial Position'
53 SERVICES TARIFFS
Assessment Rates
Rebates on assessment rates
Sewerage Charges
Rebates on sewerage charges
Refuse Removal Charges
That the following charges and prices, exclusive of VAT, in connection with the provision of refuse removal services be submitted for approval.
Tariff (3)(a): Erf used for Residential Purposes Size of the Stand (square metres) Tariff per month (maximum of
Tariff (3)(b): Flats and Townhouses per unit
Rebates on refuse removal charges
Residential Properties (non-bulk)
55 Non-Residential (Bulk)
Part A: Erf within Municipal Area Tariff A1
Tariff A2: Unmetered Erf Used for Residential Purpose only Fixed amount: R 27.43 per month
Tariff A3: Unimproved Erf
Tariff A5: Any other point where water is supplied not mentioned in Tariffs A1, A2, A3 and A4 per Water Meters
56 Part B: Erf outside Municipal Area
Tariff B1: Erf used for Residential Purposes only
Water Consumed
Tariff B2: Any other point where water is supplied not mentioned in Tariff B1, per water meter (excluding Special Arrangements)
Housing Rental Tariffs
General Tariffs
Electricity Tariffs It is recommended
Summer Winter % Inc Summer Winter % Inc Summer Winter Summer Winter
Summer Winter % Inc Summer Summer Winter % Inc Summer Summer Winter
SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION
- OVERVIEW OF ANNUAL BUDGET PROCESS
The MFMA requires the mayor of a municipality to provide overall political direction to the budget process and to set priorities that should guide the preparation of a budget. The National Budget Regulation gives substance to this by prescribing that the mayor of a municipality should set up a Budget Steering Group to help the mayor fulfill his task as referred to in Article 53 of the Municipal Financial Management Act. The composition of the municipality's annual budget began with the presentation of the budget parameters to the Budget Committee, made up of executive political representatives.
Review of the budget contributions of the directorates through budget hearings after the submission of the budget proposal and. Following consideration of the budget parameters, the Executive Management Team submitted an operational and capital budget which was discussed as part of the formulation of the 2014/15 MTREF draft budget which was submitted in March 2014. Following the submission of the 2014/15 MTREF draft budget and proposed tariffs, advertisements were published for stakeholders and the public to provide input and comments until 4, 5, 8, 9 and 22 April 2014.
Progress and assessment of service delivery status, summary of community and stakeholder views on IDP, MTREF budget and budget linkage with IDP and support from other stakeholders were presented at the IDP and Budget Conference on 09 May 2014. IDP and Budget Timeline and Public Participation for the 2014/1 Budget Cycle 5 The Financial Management Act is described below.
DELIVERABLES AND PROCESS MANAGEMENT
PREPARATORY PHASE
STRATEGIC PHASE
PROJECT PHASE
INTEGRATION PHASE
61 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
OVERVIEW OF ALIGNMENT OF ANNUAL BUDGET WITH INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN The Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality’s IDP outlined the key area for development in the short to
Community Participation Barolong Hall – Thaba
62 IDP Strategic Objective (Revenue)
MAN Mangaung - Supporting Table SA4 Reconciliation of IDP strategic objectives and budget (revenue)
63 IDP Strategic Objective (Operating Expenditure)
MAN Mangaung - Supporting Table SA5 Reconciliation of IDP strategic objectives and budget (operating expenditure)
64 IDP Strategic Objective (Capital Expenditure)
MEASURABLE PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES AND INDICATORS A. Measurable Performance Objectives - Supporting Table SA7
Description Unit of measurement
Audited
Outcome Audited
Outcome Original
Budget Adjusted
Budget Full Year
Budget Budget Year
2014/15 Budget Year + 1
2015/16 Budget Year + 2 2016/17
Organisational Planning &
Performance
Internal Audit
Facilities Management
Social Services Social Development
Libraries
HIV and AIDS
Disaster Management Attendance of Joint Operations
SDBIP
100 % Contingency
Human Settlements Number of housing opportunities
Sub-function 1 - Provision of
300 households
500 households
800 households
900 households
Sub-function 2 - Accelerating Accreditation to Implement
Informal Settlements
Sub-function 4 - Accelerate
And so on for the rest of the
153 797 households
21 209 informal
26 799 informal
MAN Mangaung - Entities measureable performance objectives
Budget Budget Year
2014/15 Audited
Outcome Audited Outcome
Disclaimer Disclaimer Qualification 100% within approved
100 % Implementation
Key Financial Rations/Indicators
MAN Mangaung - Supporting Table SA8 Performance indicators and benchmarks
74 4. OVERVIEW OF BUDGET RELATED POLICIES
- Amended Policies (Annexure B)
- Property Rates Policy
- Tariff Policy
- Water Estimate Policy
- Supply Chain Management Policy (Amended)
- Indigent Policy
In the event that a meter reading cannot be obtained due to a number of reasons listed below, the estimated reading will be used for billing purposes to the customer's account. Meter reading codes may be administratively updated pending available conditions experienced during the reading period. The policy is removed as one of the budget-related policies as its content is addressed in the Tariff Policy and also in the Service Manual Document which is managed by the administration.
Requirements for listing criteria will apply during the annual review of the list of accredited service providers. A standard checklist shall be prepared by the SCM sub-department to define the process.
Indigent Applications submitted by Councillors and Ward Committees
Credit Control (Writing Off of Irrecoverable Debt)
- Customers staying in informal settlements
- Customers who did not pay deposit previously i.t.o disestablished municipality policies
- Approved indigent customers 6.4 Government Departments
77 6.5 Council’s Departments
78 5. OVERVIEW OF BUDGET ASSUMPTIONS
Key Parameters
79 Actual Data/Parameters Used in compiling the final
Parameters
General inflation general outlook and its impact on the municipal activities
National and Provincial influences, including taking cognisance of the MFMA circulars No 50 and No 72
Interest rates for borrowing and investment of funds - refer to Table SA9 (page 69) 5.1.4 Growth in the tax base of the municipality
Other Assumptions
Supporting Table SA11 - Property Rates Summary
Discounted the values of properties currently in dispute and pending the outcome of the Valuation Appeal Board by 20%. The appeal process that is currently under way is schedule to
The proposed 6% tariff increase for the MTREF period
MAN Mangaung - Supporting Table SA9 Social, economic and demographic statistics and assumptions
81 Supporting Table SA12 - Property Rates by Category
MAN Mangaung - Supporting Table SA11 Property rates summary
Tables SA12a and SA12b give details of the number of properties per chargeable category as they exist in the assessment roll.
Supporting Table SA13 - Service Tariffs by Category
The supporting table below provides the reader with information on service charge tariffs to be charged over the MTREF period, exemptions, reductions and rebates.
MAN Mangaung - Supporting Table SA13b Service Tariffs by category - explanatory
86 Supporting Table SA14 - Household Bills
MAN Mangaung - Supporting Table SA14 Household bills
Rates and services charges
Household receiving free basic services Rates and services charges
Current Year 2013/14 Description
87 6. OVERVIEW OF BUDGET FUNDING
Particulars of Monetary Investment
MAN Mangaung Supporting Table SA10 Funding measurement
2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 Audited
Outcome Audited
Budget Year +1 2015/16
Budget Year +2 2016/17
Description
MFMA
MAN Mangaung - Supporting Table SA15 Investment particulars by type
89 Existing and Proposed New Borrowings
MAN Mangaung - Supporting Table SA17 Borrowing
90 (b) Finance Lease
BUDGETED GRANTS AND TRANSFERS (a) Transfers and Grants Receipts
MAN Mangaung - Supporting Table SA18 Transfers and grant receipts
91 (b) Expenditure on Transfers and Grants
MAN Mangaung - Supporting Table SA19 Expenditure on transfers and grant programme
MAN Mangaung - Supporting Table SA20 Reconciliation of transfers, grant receipts and unspent funds
ALLOCATIONS OF GRANTS MADE BY THE MUNICIPALITY
COUNCILLORS AND BOARD MEMBER ALLOWANCES AND EMPLOYEE BENEFITS
MAN Mangaung - Supporting Table SA22 Summary councillor and staff benefits
95 MAN Mangaung - Supporting Table SA22 Summary councillor and staff benefits
MAN Mangaung - Supporting Table SA23 Salaries, allowances & benefits (political office bearers/councillors/senior managers)
97 SUMMARY OF PERSONNEL NUMBERS
MAN Mangaung - Supporting Table SA24 Summary of personnel numbers
MONTHLY TARGETS FOR REVENUE, EXPENDITURE AND CASH FLOW
The Supporting Tables SA25, SA26, SA27, SA28, SA29 and SA30 that follow provide management and users of the budget with a monthly breakdown of the budget as contained in Tables A2 to A7. These tables should be used as a measure of budget performance on a monthly basis. They should be used on the monthly Section 71 report to track management's actual implementation of the budget.
MAN Mangaung - Supporting Table SA25 Consolidated budgeted monthly revenue and expenditure
Consolidated budgeted monthly income and expenditure (standard classification) MAN Mangaung - Supporting table SA27 Consolidated budgeted monthly income and expenditure (standard classification).
MAN Mangaung - Supporting Table SA29 Consolidated budgeted monthly capital expenditure (standard classification)
102 f. Consolidated budgeted monthly cash flow
MAN Mangaung - Supporting Table SA30 Consolidated budgeted monthly cash flow MONTHLY CASH FLOWS
ANNUAL BUDGETS AND SERVICE DELIVERY AGREEMENTS – ENTITY (a) The entity
The municipality established a municipal entity called CENTLEC (SOC). ii) The municipality has entered into a Service Delivery Agreement (SDA) and Sale of Business (SOB) Agreement and the SDA specifically provides that the said agreement "shall commence on the Effective Date and shall, subject to clause 42, last indefinitely, unless superseded by national legislation" SDA clause 8;. iii). Electricity services to communities, reticulation of electricity and maintenance of electricity infrastructure;. iv) The service delivery agreement (SDA) duration is still in force. The municipal entity is fully owned by the City;. ii) The City has established a Board of Directors that will oversee the activities of the municipal entity on behalf of the municipality.
A political and administrative representative of the city sits on Centlec's board of directors to protect the interests of the shareholder. iii). The municipal entity's primary mandate is to provide electricity services to communities, to network electricity and to maintain the electricity infrastructure; iv). The municipal entity's funding comes from electricity sales and subsidy received from the Department of Energy for electrification.
Mainly, SDSH envisages the provision of electricity services in accordance with the requirements of the National Electricity Regulator as defined in the Distribution and Production Licenses. On an annual basis, the services performed by the municipal unit are articulated in the entity's business plan that is approved by the Board of Directors and then by the municipality. The city and municipal entity has started the process of revising SDSH and SOB. vi).
The City reviews and provides feedback on the unit's Annual Business Plan and ensures that critical issues related to electricity services, infrastructure maintenance and compliance with license conditions are included in the City's IDP.
MAN Mangaung - Supporting Table SA31 Aggregated entity budget
CONTRACTS HAVING FUTURE BUDGETARY IMPLICATIONS
CAPITAL EXPENDITURE DETAILS
MAN Mangaung - Supporting Table SA32 List of external mechanisms
MAN Mangaung - Supporting Table SA34a Consolidated capital expenditure on new assets by asset class
MAN Mangaung - Supporting Table SA34b Consolidated capital expenditure on existing assets by asset class
MAN Mangaung - Supporting Table SA34c Consolidated repairs and maintenance by asset class
MAN Mangaung - Supporting Table SA35 Consolidated future financial implications of the capital budget
SELF CONTAINED BREATHING
BOTSHABELO FIRE STATION : MULTI
BREATHING APPARATUS
FOAM BRANCH COMPLETE WITH
1 COMPLETE RESCUE PROTOCOL
STANDBY GENERATOR - THAPEDI FIRE
NEW SOUTHERN REGION FIRE
EHRLICHPARK FIRE STATION: HOT
FIRE STATION
PURCHASING OF PARKING METER
TRAFFIC LAW ENFORCEMENT
LAW ENFORCEMENT CAMERAS
PURCHASE OF ANIMALS FOR
FENCING OF NAVAL HILL NATURE
CLOAK-ROOMS FOR NAVAL HILL
CLOAKROOM BOTSHABELO
UPGRADING OF
UPGRADING OF
STORMWATER: BAINSVLEI
BOT OUT RD: UPGRADING OF STREET
BATHO: THEMA ST 3: UPGRADING OF
BOGACH ST: UPGRADING OF STREET
MAN RD 166: UPGRADING OF STREET
BATHO: ROAD 42: UPGRADING OF
BATHO: THEMA ST 2: UPGRADING OF
BATHO: ROAD 68: UPGRADING OF
BATHO: MOLOKANE ST: UPGRADING
MOMPATI ST: UPGRADING OF STREET
BATHO: MAKHOLISO ST: UPGRADING
BATHO: ROAD 39: UPGRADING OF
MAN RD 168: UPGRADING OF STREET
BATHO: THA RD 2044: UPGRADING OF
MAN RD 165: UPGRADING OF STREET
MAN RD 225: UPGRADING OF STREET
MAN RD 164: UPGRADING OF STREET
DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW LANDFILL
UPGRADING AND CONSTRUCTION OF
CLOSURE OF THABA NCHU LANDFILL
UPGRADING AND REHABILITATIONS
DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSFER
BOTSHABELO AND THABA NCHU
THABA NCHU, BULTFONTEIN 3: BASIC
BOTSHABELO SECTION F EXT. - UPGRADING OF VIP TOILETS TO
BOTSHABELO BULK SEWER LINE SEC
TEMPE MAIN SEWER TO ERADICATE
BOTSHABELO SECTION J - UPGRADING
THABA NCHU SEROALO, BULTFONTEIN 3- UPGRADING OF VIP TOILETS TO
BOTSHABELO SECTION K- UPGRADING
THABA NCHU, SEROALO: BASIC
WATERBORNE SANITATION THABA
BOTSHABELO SECTION F AND F EXT
BOTSHABELO SECTION J: BASIC
UPGRADE BULK SEWER FOR
STRATEGIC PROJECTS AND SERVICE DELIVERY REGULATIONS
DESKTOP COMPUTERS (DESKTOP,
WAAIHOEK PRECINCT
CENTLEC
UPGRADE OF CURENT PABX TO VOIP
CONTINUITY AND DISASTER
REPLACEMENT OF DECREPIT 11KV
BOTSHABELO: 132KV ESKOM CONNECTION & EXTENSIONS TO
EXTENSION AND UPGRADING OF THE 11KV OVERHEAD NETWORK IN THE
BOTSHABELO: 132KV/33/11KV DC SUB
SERVITUDES AND LAND (INCLUDING INVESTIGATION, REMUNERATION,
REFURBISHMENT OF THE TAP CHANGER CONTROL PANELS AT PARK
REFURBISHMENT OF PROTECTION AT BAYSWATER, CORONATION, NAVAL
REPLACEMENT OF BRITTLE
REPLACEMENT OF LOW VOLTAGE
WESTDENE,MANGAUNG B, MARK,
SWITCHGEARS FOR MAGISTRATE
REPLACEMENT OF DECREPIT
UPGRADE AND REFURBISHMENT OF
- PROJECTS DELAYED FROM PREVIOUS FINANCIAL YEAR
- LEGISLATION COMPLIANCE STATUS
- In Year Reporting
- Internship Programme
- Budget and Treasury Office
- Audit Committee
- Risk Management
- Service Delivery and Implementation Plan
- Annual Report
- Property Rates Act
The municipality is participating in the municipal financial management internship program and has hired twelve (12) interns who are being trained in different divisions of the Financial Services Department. The detailed SDBIP document is at a draft stage and will be finalized after the approval of the MTREF 2014/15 in May 2014. The annual report for the financial year 2012/13 was compiled in relation to the requirements of the MFMA and the National Treasury and was presented to the Council on 5 March 2014.
MAN Mangaung - Contact Information
GENERAL INFORMATION
MANAGEMENT LEADERSHIPB. CONTACT INFORMATION
POLITICAL LEADERSHIP
