INTRODUCTION AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
BACKGROUND
Ninety-one percent (91%) of the world's daily increase in urban population is expected to be in developing countries. The use of the development corridor as a spatial strategy has gained momentum in KwaZulu-Natal over the past decade.
STUDY AREA
The surrounding suburbs that are connected are Chatsworth to the south, Westville to the west, Manor Gardens to the east and Sydnem, Overport and Sherwood to the north. Additionally, due to name changes on maps and recent documentation, the road is referred to as Vusi Mzimela Road.
MOTIVATION
LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
PROBLEM STATEMENT
RESEARCH QUESTION
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
SUBSIDIARY RESEARCH QUESTIONS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This allowed the researcher to gain a deeper understanding of the study area as well as mitigate the security issue. The purpose of the interviews/discussions held was to break down the various observations undertaken through the land use survey.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
INTRODUCTION
The implementing agency has changed from the designated "special purpose vehicle", Cato Manor Development Association to Cato Manor Area Based Management with a municipal function. Smith (eds.) The Apartheid City and Beyond. 1998) “Planning the post-apartheid city”: comments on the Metropolitan Development Framework – Cape Town.
MODERN, POST-MODERN AND SUSTAINABLE CITIES: HISTORICAL CONTEXT AND IMPACT ON
SUSTAINABLE CITIES
Satterthwaite (1997) goes on to define the 'without affecting the ability of future generations to meet their own needs' aspect of the Brundtland definition as addressing the following aspects; reduction of use or waste of non-renewable resources, including the consumption of fossil fuels (industry, housing, trade, transport, etc.), sustainable use of limited resources associated with a minimal ecological footprint in relation to land consumption, bio- biodegradable wastes that do not overload the capacity of renewable sinks and non-biodegradable wastes that do not overload the ability of global sinks to absorb or dilute them without adverse effects. The article mentions that environmental problems are linked to poor design of the urban structure with special concern for emissions and the increased use of the private motor vehicle and mentions corridors increased densities, mixed land use among other strategies to create more sustainable cities (Haughton, 1999) ) .
PRINCIPLES OF URBAN RESTRUCTURING AND SUSTAINABLE URBAN FORM
- SUSTAINABLE URBAN FORM: DESIGN CONCEPTS
- COMPACT CITIES AND RELATED APPROACHES
- RELATED CONCEPTS
From this statement, it can be seen that the compact city approach is important to understanding the corridor concept. Martens (2001) provides a detailed analysis of the criticisms of the compact city approach found in South African cities today.
THE SOUTH AFRICAN CITY
- THE EVOLUTION OF DEVELOPMENT CORRIDORS IN SOUTH AFRICA
SDIs were seen as an integrated planning tool aimed at promoting investments in underdeveloped regions of the country that had growth potential. These include “political instability of the region, poor political buy-in, lack of capacity of officials in participating countries to effectively develop and manage the process, a weak investment and regulatory environment, weak (or absent) domestic private sector, unable to seize opportunities created by foreign investors and to participate in investment opportunities where they arise” (Thomas, 2009).
POST-APARTHEID POLICIES, STRATEGIES AND PLANS
- NATIONAL LEVEL
- PROVINCIAL LEVEL
- ETHEKWINI LOCAL STRATEGIC PLANNING
- CATO MANOR LAND USE MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK (LUMF), 2003
- CATO MANOR LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK REVIEW AND DEVELOPMENT
The image below shows the spatial plan of the central region to which Cato Manor belongs. The table below provides an overview of the Statements of Intent for the Corridor Areas as defined in the LUMF Cato Manor (2003).
CONCLUSION
LITERATURE REVIEW
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION AND SCALE
- KEY CORRIDOR ELEMENTS FOR ACTIVITY STREETS AND LARGE URBAN CORRIDORS
- KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF CORRIDORS
- OTHER IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS
- IMPACTS OF CORRIDOR DEVELOPMENT
- PRECONDITIONS FOR ESTABLISHING SUCCESSFUL DEVELOPMENT CORRIDORS
- KEY PERFORMANCE VARIABLES AND SUCCESS FACTORS IN CORRIDOR DEVELOPMENT
- ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
- TRANSPORT ACTIVITIES
- NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
- SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT
- URBAN RESTRUCTURING AND PHYSICAL/BUILT ENVIRONMENT OBJECTIVES
- INSTITUTIONAL CONSIDERATIONS
- STAGES OF CORRIDOR DEVELOPMENT AND THE PLANNING LIFE CYCLE OF A CORRIDOR
- CRITICAL CONSIDERATIONS OF CORRIDOR DEVELOPMENT
- EXISTING RESEARCH ON CORRIDORS IN CATO MANOR
- CONCLUSION
This in turn will provide information on the possible factors associated with the growth of the corridor. The table below shows the population for the local impact area of the Bellair Road corridor. The map below provides an indication of existing land use activity within the corridor.
I Satterwaite, D, (red.) The Earth Scan Reader in Sustainable Cities. 2009) Attitudes Towards Sustainable Cities: Are Sustainable Cities Liveable Cities.
BELLAIR ROAD DEVELOPMENT CORRIDOR CASE STUDY
INTRODUCTION
This is done in the context of integrated development planning of related and related professions and broad urban debates on sustainable development. The example of Cato Manor is unique in that it aims to provide opportunities close to the CBD. This is seen in light of the limited, well-located land available in and near Durban's inner city.
The problem that planners have to contend with is to provide access to opportunities in a well-located area that is in high demand in the face of scarce land available.
HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT IN CATO MANOR
This chapter demonstrates the implementation of such local initiatives through the Bellair Road development corridor in Cato Manor. By the mid-1980s, large parts of Cato Manor were officially identified for Indians38 and some houses were built in Wiggins and Bonela. The early 1990s attracted interest from many interest groups, including NGOs and public communities, in the redevelopment of Cato Manor.
To this end, the Greater Cato Manor Development Forum (CMDF) was established in 1992 to undertake planning for development at Cato Manor, through stakeholder involvement in the planning and development process.
EXPERIENCE WITH SPATIAL AND DEVELOPMENT PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION
The corridor concept emerged from the policy framework for Greater Cato Manor and was later articulated in the Cato Manor Structure Plan. The concept of activity spines and nodes was proposed as one of the four key structuring elements of the Cato Manor Spatial Framework. The activity hubs and corridor concept was used as the main spatial strategy for the location and distribution of economic activity in Cato Manor.
Due to the rich history of Cato Manor, a tourism center (cultural/entertainment center) was planned on the Bellair Road corridor.
ENVISAGED EXTENT AND CHARACTER OF THE BELLAIR ROAD CORRIDOR
Directives in building form (including bulk, coverage, edge condition, land use, urban design, parking, land use, etc.) and environmental control were also formulated. The figure below provides an illustration of the proposed cross-section and street plan of the Bellair corridor. Nodes of intense activity were identified at intersections of major routes, namely Booth Road and Bellair Road among others.
Mixed land use was envisioned to be promoted through vertical mixing, a variety of uses in an area (allowing land to be used for both commercial and residential) and compatible land uses adjacent to each other.
PARTNERSHIPS AND FUNDING
LAND USE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
- LAND LEGAL ISSUES
This difference was made possible by vision statements and statements of intent (SOI) that set out the desired future development for the zones, so that it is stimulated in areas. In the LUMS for the corridor, the issue of urban design aspects is explicitly included via the Urban Form - SOI. The figure below shows the comprehensive planning proposals for the corridor based on the recommendations.
Given the history of forced evictions during Apartheid, some of the land parcels along the corridor were under land claims.
INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT
In addition, legally the Town Planning Ordinance (No. 27 of 1949) was used to prepare a planning scheme and the Development Facilitation Act (Act No. 67 of 1995) to clear land/legal issues. As for the Bellair Street area, attention was paid to the Bellair Mall and Market at the corner of Bellair and Wiggins Streets. In 2003 the CMDA was decommissioned and the municipally operated Cato Manor Area Based Management Office (Cato Manor ABM) was established to continue with some aspects of the development.
The forums mentioned above and the existing political structures (represented in strategic meetings) all point to the integration of the local community.
EXPERIENCES WITH IMPLEMENTATION PRE 2007 AND KEY CONSTRAINTS
- CHALLENGES
- SUCCESS FACTORS
Life cycle of the corridor: As the planning of Cato Manor was quite rapid issues such as lack of demand and what to do with the land in the period between planning and private investment. Although local contractors were competent to produce housing in the local area, they did not have the expertise to deal with high-rise buildings (Masson pers comm., 2001 in Martens, 2001). Therefore, strategic planning is considered one of the most important achievements in the planning and implementation of Cato Manor.
Evidence of a clear and shared philosophy is evident in the Cato Manor/Bellair Road experience.
CONCLUSION
Spatial planning instruments, such as the Spatial Development Framework, have been regarded as valuable tools in guiding spatial development and mainstreaming integration (Robinson, 2014 and KZN PPDC, 2008).
FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS
INTRODUCTION
SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE
- DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE
- EMPLOYMENT STATUS, 2011
- ANNUAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME, 2011
More than 70% of the people in the local study area fall within the working population category of 15-64 years. The educational profile of residents of the local study area in 2011 shows that the majority of the population has secondary education and has obtained grade 12. Cato Crest and Wiggins have the highest percentages of people working in the informal sector.
The table below shows the annual household income for the study area's catchment area over a ten-year period.
TRANSPORT ASSESSMENT
- NON-MOTORISED TRANSPORT
- ON-STREET PARKING
- TRAFFIC CALMING
- SURVEILLANCE
- VEHICLE OWNERSHIP
- SUPPORTING TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
- FUTURE PROJECTS
- ACCESSIBILITY AND ROAD HIERARCHY
- KEY AREAS FOR CONSIDERATION
The road network and hierarchy associated with Bellair Road is discussed in the table below. The table below the map provides a useful description of the relationship each street has to Bellair Road. Link to Bellair Road via Jan Smuts Highway to the North and Harry Gwala Road to the West.
As shown, in most cases there is direct access from Ashwell Road to the right of Bellair Road.
LAND USE ASSESSMENT
- HOUSING
- NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
- AESTHETIC ENVIRONMENT AND GENERAL CHARACTER OF THE CORRIDOR
- SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT
- INFRASTRUCTURE
- ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
- SURROUNDING NODES OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
- LAND USE MANAGEMENT AND LAND RELATED ISSUES
There is a Durban Metropolitan Open Space System49 visible along the corridor as seen in the map below. There is a police station (SAPS) in the corridor and CCTV and police along the corridor. Additionally, there are spaza stores scattered throughout the corridor in containers (see image below).
The Zoning52 map below provides an indication of the zones within the study area that make up the corridor.
EXISTING LAND USE
The Special Zone is believed to enable Special Zone 100, which is the Bellair Road Mixed Use Zone. From a land use management perspective, it is clear that even though there are varied instruments and a set of plans that inform the management of land within the corridor, it is still a challenge to manage land use.
INSTITUTIONAL ASSESSMENT
It is very important to keep in mind that while these structures are/were there to accelerate development in Cato Manor and therefore aspects of the corridor, they were designed as an area-wide initiative and not specific to the Bellair Road Corridor. only. Although the corridor was one of the most important spatial concepts for integration, it was and is seen in a broader context.
DISCUSSION OF KEY FINDINGS
Issues related to creating access to facilities also take the form of creating facilities within the corridor. Limited interconnectivity with fewer side roads created a problem for accessibility to the corridor itself. Currently, higher density housing is being built near the corridor in the form of in-situ upgrading of the informal settlement along the corridor.
While there are social opportunities nearby, there are limited social opportunities within the corridor.
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
CONCLUSIONS
A range of activities need to be coordinated and can be most effectively carried out through a dedicated management body that serves to integrate all components. With this change came a change in resource allocation, requiring monetary resources to be allocated throughout the city structure. Therefore, when planning activities along a route, an appropriate mix of activities in relation to surrounding activity nodes must be taken into account.
To manage this, the original strategic framework, plans and approach will need to be continually revised based on current research.
RECOMMENDATIONS
An area-wide regeneration initiative must be undertaken to improve the corridor's image. DEPARTMENT FOR THE ENVIRONMENT (2011) National strategy for sustainable development and action plan. The Relevance of the Compact City Approach: Managing Urban Growth in South African Cities. 2000) The Relevance of the Compact City Approach: Managing Urban Growth in South African Cities.
What is your understanding of the purpose of a local development corridor in the South African context (and how effective do you think it is).
