Many members of the Nationalist Party made no secret of their satisfaction that South Africa had left the Commonwealth. We described the politics of the Progressive Party in more detail in the previous issue of this poll. In the 1958 general election, the Nationalists won 103 and the United Party won 53 out of 156 seats in the Assembly.
Meeting of (he Convention
24 AN OVERVIEW OF RACE clear and unmistakable demands of the people for:. i) the total abolition of the. color bar in every atmosphere; ii) full citizenship for all peoples of South Africa". The number of registered colored and Asian voters in that province peaked at 47,677 in 1953, during the height of the conslitulative struggle for the right to vote for colored people. leaders in relation to their system of parliamentary representation, the Progressive and Liberal parties decided not to nominate candidates.
Countless political leaders have left the country, establishing a South African United Front with representatives in Dar-es-Salaain, Cairo, London, Accra and New York. Several other Africans have been prosecuted under the Unlawful Organizations Act of 1960 for promoting the activities of the A.N.C. would have continued. Calata of the Anglican Church, whose olfcncc was that he had two photographs, taken in 1939 and 1942, that hung on the walls of his house showing him as president of the A.N.C.
A united stand must be made on moral values weighing on both sides of the color line. In the event, therefore, the conference was mainly representative of ex-members of the A.N.C.
Arrest of certain committee members and cx-membcrs
For these reasons, a multiracial convention should be after an "all-in" conference. Mbata then suggested that preparations for the conference be suspended until the differences are ironed out, as the principle of unity must be respected at all costs.
Proceedings at the conference
It, along with the other members of the Congress Group, has committed to establishing a multiracial state through non-violent means, exercised primarily in the economic sphere. In testifying before the Group Areas Board, e.g. the Organization, accepting that the relevant law is the law of the land, has sought to obtain the best possible deal for Indians in the circumstances. Congress, on the other hand, has consistently expressed its opposition to removing anyone.
The events have caused the Indian Organization to become more anti-government in its attitude than it was in the past and come closer to the Congress point of view. The Southern Transvaal Region of the Institute of Race Relations convened a conference of the local Indian community, which was held during November 1960. One of the most serious incidents that occurred during the period of the last century was a clash between members of the tribe and the police in a valley adjacent to Ngqusa Hill on June 6, when eleven Africans were killed and thirteen wounded.
Vukayibambe Sigcau, my brother to the paramount chief, was said to have informed the police of the location of the meeting and accompanied them when they went to disperse him. Special regulations for the administration of the Transkian territories were published on November 30 (R 400) and amended on December 14 (R 413).
Regulations that applied throughout the Transkei Certain of them applied immediately throughout
- Entry and departure
- Meetings
- Actions deemed subversive
- Removal of subjects by a chief
- Assistance available to officials and chiefs
- Trials aud penalties
- Saving clauses
A Native Commissioner, member of the police, constable or N.C.O. of the Defense Force, the commander or commander may order persons present at an unlawful meeting to stand down. It was also rendered an ollencc:. (a) to make any statement, oral or written, or to do any act which was intended or might have the effect of interfering with the authority of the State, of one of its officers, or of a chief or manager, or which contained a threat of, that any person would suffer loss, violence or inconvenience;. Appeals may be lodged within t i t y days to the Native Commissioner, whose decision will be final.
It was stipulated that any member of the police force or armed forces could provide assistance, including the use of force, to an indigenous commissioner, chief or headman acting in accordance with regulations. No civil action arising out of the operation of the Regulations may be brought against the State, a cabinet minister or state employee, a member of the armed forces, a chief or captain, or any person acting under their direction. With certain exceptions, anyone not residing there was permitted to enter any of the said districts without a permit from the Native Commissioner subject to conditions.
Appeals against the refusal of a permit lay with the Chief Native Commissioner, whose decision was final. Every adult, of the apparent age of eighteen years and upwards, was bound to report the presence of any person who was in one of the specified districts, and was g u i l t y of an olTcncc if he failed to do so.
Regulations governing departure from prohibited areas There were further regulations which might be applied in
Safe places were set up for two chiefs and several leaders at the height of the unrest. These include the eleven killed at Ngqusa Hill: an account of the investigation is given below). Since the publication of the rules, the police had killed one more African in self-defense.
The second chief killed on December 2 was Stanford Nomaqwctckaua, chief of the Mzizi tribe in the Bianana. The Minister of Justice said on 20 April180 that 524 people were still detained as a result of the disturbances. Transkei was withdrawn; but at the time of writing, emergency regulations remained in place for the rest of 1.
The result of his work, as well as that of the chief magistrate and his officials, was most encouraging. The police posted notices in the streets and visited the offices of congress organizations to warn them of the ban.
MABIESKRAAL
Ownership of land in Coloured areas
From the date of a proclamation bringing a colored area within the scope of the Act, it shall be freed from any previous restrictions or encumbrances affecting the ownership or occupation of the land (except in relation to rights of way) and shall given to the M i n i s t e R of the Interior in trusts for the black occupiers. But once a governing board has been appointed, the land will pass to the board. Colored registered owners of surveyed parcels shall be considered registered owners for (the purposes of the Act.
An opposition speaker pointed out that the right to land granted under the 1909 Act was not unlimited ownership, which would reduce the rights of owners of color who might hold such a right. The deputy minister said "'that, under the 1909 Act, if a board passes a resolution in favor of an inquiry for the purpose of introducing individual land tenure, the minister shall provide for a public meeting of registered occupiers. If property rights are granted, it must be subject to the approval of the Minister, and no land may be alienated, ceded, subdivided, leased, mortgaged or made foreclosure without his consent.
He added, however, that these restrictions will not conflict with existing rights because, as far as he could tell, all areas in the Cape that could be affected were originally granted under notice of termination (but free of notice fees). The plots were inventoried and steps were taken to transfer the trust placed in the minister to the administrations, so that they could grant property rights to private individuals under the conditions set by law.
Disqualified persons
EXISTING COLORED MISSION STATIONS AND RESERVES 3 Of the fifteen existing colored mission stations and reserves, nine are in the arid region of the North-West Cape. Most household heads earn their living by going to work for Wh farmers. The Star stated in 07 that some of Steinkopf's people are small livestock farmers, owning sheep and karakul goats, but as not all of them can make a living in this way their income.
The Star stated that four-fifths of Concordia's heads of household must earn a living outside the home, in many cases by working <. According to the Star, they have a population of about 31,000: just over two percent of South Africa's colored people. 1 - Indian people to represent the interests of the Indians, as we X did with regard to the colored people.
As a result of the establishment of I/of group areas, we also want to give full control to the Indians. The Southern Transvaal Region of the Institute of Race Rclations wrote to the Secretary of Indian Affairs asking what should be done.
LIQUOR
These shares have largely returned to South Africa through financial institutions. It would not >' be logical to exclude South Africa and thus remove it from the influence of the world organization. The General Assembly of the United Nations subsequently adopted this opinion in the form of a resolution; however, South Africa rejected it, stating that the mandate and its obligations to the international community ceased with the dissolution of the League of Nations.
During November 1960, in their capacities as former members of the League of Nations, Ethiopia and Liberia initiated proceedings against South Africa at the International Court of Justice. South Africa had exercised powers inconsistent with the 'territory's international status and had failed to submit reports or forward petitions. March, the General Assembly appealed to all members of the ['United Nations who have close relations with South Africa to bring,.
From there, they sent a message to the Secretary-General of the United Nations stating that the situation in the mandate area was explosive and could become a serious threat to international peace. South Africa's attention was drawn to the General Assembly's repeated calls for negotiations to begin. Due to the withdrawal of the Minister Plenipotentiary of the United Arab Republic from South Africa, the latter country no longer has a single non-white diplomat.
Of the African countries, only the Federation and High Commission Territories have representatives in South Africa.
