The study concluded that the total blame for the occurrence of teenage pregnancy lies in the way parents raise the teenage girls, whether it is influenced by their socio-economic status, cultural values, availability or absence of the other parent, etc. This study suggests that the prevalence of teenage pregnancy in the Vhembe district, Limpopo province, is the outcome of the communal child-rearing approaches.
The research problem…
The prevalence of teenage pregnancy is more common among teenage girls from new parenthood or teenagers experiencing motherhood. Socially inappropriate behavior is a critical social problem that is hypothesized to contribute to the prevalence of teenage pregnancy among adolescent girls.
Statement of the problem
Therefore, the prevalence of teenage pregnancy is associated with poverty and unstable family background. Recognizing and preventing the prevalence of teenage pregnancies is lacking in the Kingdom Act.
The rationale of the study
Given the understanding and profiling of the prevalence of teenage pregnancy as a result of structural socio-economic inequality, the well thought out government programs do little or nothing to address the underlying factors that contribute to the prevalence of teenage pregnancy in Vhembe District. Yet, the way in which the prevalence of teenage pregnancy continues in Vhembe District suggests that there are still loopholes in the Act.
The significance of the study
The purpose of the study
The inner well-being of the teenage girl. the family is crucial to their development and social standing. The sexual beliefs and practices of teenage girls have played a role in the prevalence of teenage pregnancy.
The research hypothesis
The research questions
The objective of the study
Assumption of the study
Limitation of the study
Glossary of terms
Sexual attitude from a global perspective refers to the beliefs an individual has about sexuality and sexual behavior (Martin-Donald, 2010). From South Africa's perspective, a social group is a group of people who see each other frequently and consider themselves part of the group (Eddy & Mphaka, 2013).
Outline of chapters
Socioeconomics is a branch of economics that focuses on the relationship between social behavior and the economy (Commission of the European Union, 2012). The current study considers teenage pregnancy as pregnancy that occurs to a growing girl-child before her 20th birthday as a consequence of her critical parenting experience.
Summary
It is fundamentally the parenting approaches that lead teenage girls to the occurrence of teenage pregnancy. The allocation of blame on the teenage girls for pregnancy that occurred played a role in the incidence of teenage pregnancy.
Perception of communal child-rearing on the prevalence of teenage pregnancy
Socio-cultural environment of the prevalence of teenage pregnancy
Accounts of the influence of the socio-cultural environment on the prevalence of teenage pregnancy have never swallowed sexual taboos as a factor. All these social and cultural factors complicate adolescent girls' sexual attitudes and behaviors and the prevalence of teenage pregnancy.
The impact of teenage girls’ sexual attitude and behaviours on the prevalence of teenage
Therefore, the contextual range of sexual beliefs and practices is important in the prevalence of teenage pregnancy. However, there are very limited published studies reporting on child rearing trends and the influence of adolescent girls' sexual attitudes on the prevalence of teenage pregnancy.
The prevalence of teenage pregnancy and motherhood in developed nations
In addition, rural South Africa has another trend, despite the general trend of declining teenage births, 'the proportion of teenage girls giving birth has remained higher in rural areas over time. The absence of parent-teenage girl communication has led to the prevalence of teenage pregnancies.
The prevalence of teenage pregnancy and motherhood in Africa
The prevalence of teenage pregnancy and motherhood in South Africa
Summary
The overview of attachment theory
Consequently, adolescent girls with avoidant or disorganized attachment end up vulnerable to the prevalence of teenage pregnancy. The insecurely attached teenage girl externalizes the social behavior that leads to the prevalence of teenage pregnancy.
Overview of the social learning theory
Thus, cultural values and traditional practices contribute to the prevalence of teenage pregnancies (Jewkes et al., 2009). In particular, imitation social learning behavior supports the prevalence of teenage pregnancy, resulting in experienced teenage motherhood (Akella & Jordan, 2015).
Summary
Application of attachment theory traces teenage pregnancy prevalence of teenage girls to their parenting experience. Thus, the theory of the social 'self' focuses on the particular individuality (adolescent girl) in shaping teenage pregnancy.
The establishment and history of Vhembe District
The Makhado Municipality
The Makhado Municipality consists of six areas of the Transitional Local Councils, which merged in 2000. The Makhado Municipality consists of Makhado, Vleifontein, Waterval, Vuwani and Dzanani formal towns.
The Thulamela Municipality
Thulamela Local Municipality has the powers and functions conferred upon it under the provisions of Sections 84 (1) of the Municipal Structures Act, 117 of 1998. Recently, four traditional leaders have died and only one of them has been replaced.
The Musina Municipality
Among these powers and functions, it must prepare an integrated development plan for the entire municipal area (Thulamela IDP review for. Therefore, there are now eight traditional authorities represented in the Council (Data provided by Makhado Municipality).
The governance and administrative structures of Vhembe District
He/she is also responsible for the overall management, coordination and monitoring of the planning process, ensuring that all relevant actors are involved. This forum includes representatives of the Traditional Leaders (Vhembe District Municipality IDP Training Guide: 13-15).
Socio-geographic history and economy
Based on the above powers and functions, it is clear that the district municipalities have a huge challenge in providing the various services that take place within the jurisdiction of the traditional authorities. Number of households and non-domestic customers who provided 0 0 0 0 Domestic households with access to free basic services 0 0 0 0 Source: Vhembe District Municipal Watch.
Summary
This chapter presents in detail the research methodology that was used to conduct this study. The research methodology chapter formulates the approach of this study in quantitative and qualitative approach because it is the information needed in the study which includes quantification and also narrative.
Research design and approach
Nevertheless, this descriptive aspect of the study was also intended to indicate the causality between parenting variables and its influence on teenage girls' behavioral development and events. In addition, some topics may seem uncomfortable for the teenage girls to share verbally, especially among the girls who were not sexually active and may become shy about giving honest answers.
The study population
Other targeted populations were the parents of pregnant teenage girls and teenage mothers, the community leaders, high school staff and pregnant teenage girls and teenage mothers participated in the study through a qualitative approach. The target population that participated through the qualitative approach were 4 community leaders, 5 high school principals and 5 high school life orientation teachers, 19 parents of pregnant teenage girls and teenage mothers, 13 pregnant teenage girls and 11 teenage mothers respectively.
Sampling procedure and recruitment
The participants recruited using snowball sampling procedures were the parents of pregnant teenage girls and teenage mothers, and pregnant teenage girls and teenage mothers. The participants selected for the key informant interviews were recruited using a purposive sampling procedure.
Data collection methods and procedures
Close-ended questionnaire
That is, the cultural values of the teenage girls' parenting approaches were responsible for the prevalence of teenage pregnancy. Teenage girls' experience of teenage motherhood played a role in the prevalence of teenage pregnancy in Vhembe district.
The structured interviews method and procedures
Reliability and validity
Although in practice it was not possible to achieve complete reliability and validity of the measurements, they remain ideals to which the study strives. Thus, the validity of instruments depends on the extent to which they measure what they are supposed to be measuring correctly.
Data analysis
It deals with one aspect of prima facie judgment; addresses the content aspect of conceptual definition that holds ideas; addresses the aspect of standard criteria to correctly indicate a construct. However, the analysis of quantitative data was carried out with the avoidance of errors, false conclusions and misleading conclusions.
Ethical considerations
Summary
Frequency tables present the data related to the parent of the teenage girls and their parenting approach. Parenting approach therefore similarly influences the social patterning of the teenage girl's sexual behavior and the subsequent incidence of teenage pregnancy.
Parenting and the parenthood involvement in Vhembe District
The parenthood experiences in Vhembe District
Table 3 shows that approximately half (51.5%) of teenage girls were raised by their biological parents. The following section presents the percentages for the types of teenage girls' parenting experiences.
The parents of teenage girls’ (single-parent or both parents context)
The influence of social media was cited as a factor among teenage girls that contributes to the prevalence of teenage pregnancy. Evidence shows that teenage girls being heads of households were a critical factor leading to the prevalence of teenage pregnancy.
The teenage girls’ parents’ occupation
Teenage girls’ sexual attitude and behavior
Sexually active teenage girls who were pregnant
The table below shows the percentages of sexually active teenage girls who were pregnant. Unprotected sexual practices of adolescent girls is the risky sexual behavior that results in their pregnancy.
The impact of single-parenthood on the prevalence of teenage pregnancy
The impact of single-parenthood on teenage girls’ early sexual debut
Early sexual initiation among teenage girls is a key factor in the prevalence of teenage pregnancy due to the lack of sexual awareness associated with their immaturity. The cross-tabulation table below presents information on the impact of single parenthood on early sexual behavior of teenage girls.
The impact of parent-child lack of communication on the prevalence of teenage
The lack of communication between the parents and the teenage girls is thus mainly based on the parenting approach the parents have chosen. The phenomenon of this parental dynamic creates a form of vulnerability for teenage girls in the prevalence of teenage pregnancy.
The impact of lack of teenage pregnancy recognition by teenage girls’ parents…
This factor greatly affects the prevalence of teenage pregnancy, which occurs in teenage girls raised from both parental backgrounds. This is an indication that the prevalence of teenage pregnancy in Vhembe District is related to social issues and the environmental context of parents and teenage girls.
Summary
This chapter presents information on the impact of socio-cultural practices and cultural values on the prevalence of teenage pregnancy in Vhembe district. The next part presents the theme and sub-themes of the impact of socio-cultural practices and values on the prevalence of teenage pregnancy.
The impact of socio-cultural practices and values on the prevalence of teenage pregnancy
The impact of parenting pattern and practices on the prevalence of teenage pregnancy.136
The findings of this study therefore link the prevalence of teenage pregnancy in Vhembe District to the permissive and uninvolved parenting approaches of parents of teenage girls. Evidence has emerged to suggest that the early sexual behavior of teenage girls has been a factor in the prevalence of teenage pregnancy and teenage motherhood.
Peer influence among siblings on the prevalence of teenage pregnancy
The impact of teenage motherhood on the prevalence of teenage pregnancy
The impact of blame-assigning on the prevalence of teenage pregnancy
Although the impact of single teenage motherhood on the incidence of teenage pregnancy was provided in the previous section. The factors mentioned above are the additional impact of the teenage girls' parents' blame for the pregnancy occurring on the incidence of teenage pregnancy.
The impact of peer pressure on the prevalence of teenage pregnancy
The following section presents information on the influence of peer pressure on the prevalence of teenage pregnancy. The following section presents information on the impact of traditional practices on the prevalence of teenage pregnancy.
The impact of traditional practices on the prevalence of teenage pregnancy…
Therefore, these findings suggest that traditional practices and values significantly contribute to the prevalence of teenage pregnancy. The following section presents information on the influence of sexual beliefs and practices on the prevalence of teenage pregnancy.
The impact of sexual beliefs and practices on the prevalence of teenage pregnancy…
Thus, the cultural values emerging from the research findings on the prevalence of teenage pregnancy are collectively driven by the teenage girls' ideas about motivation. Mead's theory of social "self" shows that the social process influences teenage girls' sexual attitudes and behavior, leading to the prevalence of teenage pregnancy.
The impact of social media on the prevalence of teenage pregnancy
The validity of the current study findings is supported by Mead's theory of the social self as a theoretical framework guiding this study. The fundamental theory of the social 'self' is shaped by the general view of socialization as a lifelong process in society.
Summary
The chapter provides information on the impact of social environmental factors on the prevalence of teenage pregnancy and motherhood in the district of Vhembe. In the next section, information is provided on the influence of perceived poverty in households on the prevalence of teenage pregnancy.
The impact of household poverty experience on the prevalence of teenage motherhood
The data on social environmental factors revealed the impact of the socioeconomic background and the sexual habits of teenage girls on the prevalence of teenage pregnancy and motherhood in Vhembe district. The impact of these key factors were the determinants of the teenage pregnancy prevalence in Vhembe district.
The impact of single-parent homes on the prevalence of teenage pregnancy and
Implications of results obtained from qualitative and quantitative approaches indicate that the impact of single-parent homes on the prevalence of teenage pregnancy and motherhood in Vhembe District. The results of this study correlate with studies on the prevalence of teenage pregnancy and motherhood, which have linked the prevalence of the possible outcome of single-parent homes (Akella & Jordan, 2015).
The impact of teenage motherhood on the prevalence of teenage pregnancy and
In particular, imitative social learning supports current research findings on the impact of teenage motherhood on the prevalence of teenage pregnancy and teenage motherhood. The evidence from this study indicates that there is a significant relationship between the prevalence of teen pregnancy and motherhood with teen motherhood experience.
The impact of educational attainment on the prevalence of teenage pregnancy and
In addition, one informant pointed to teenage girls' lack of desire for an education as a factor behind the prevalence of teenage pregnancy and teenage motherhood. Accordingly, the sociological background of Vhembe district has an impact on the prevalence of teenage pregnancy and teenage motherhood through the sexual attitudes and behavior of teenage girls.
The prevalence of child-headed households on the prevalence of teenage pregnancy
The impact of teenage girls’ sexual habits on the prevalence of teenage pregnancy
The table below presents the significant association between sexually active adolescent girls and their age groups. Chi-square tests for sexually active adolescent girls involved in pregnancy with their age group.
Summary
The experience of teenage motherhood in teenage girls therefore accounted for a significant incidence of teenage pregnancy and teenage motherhood. In addition to the influence that teenage motherhood contributed to their teenage girls' pregnancy and repeat motherhood, there was an impact of educational attainment on the prevalence of teenage pregnancy and motherhood.
Summary of the findings
To examine the correlation between communal child-rearing approach and the prevalence
The experience of single parenthood among the teenage girls contributed significantly to the incidence of teenage pregnancies in Vhembe District. The predominant proportion of a female-headed factor in the single parent system played an intensified role in the incidence of teenage pregnancy in Vhembe district.
To examine the role played by the socio-cultural environment on the prevalence of
The evidence that emerged from the parenting practices showed a good indication of parental commitment, mostly by the biological parents to respond to the teenage girls' needs. The district itself is characteristically located in an economically disadvantaged area which reinforces the parental abilities and instability on the teenage girls and thus leads to the occurrence of.
To examine the impact of sexual attitude and behaviors of the teenage girls on the
Recommendations
Recommendations on theory
Recommendations on policy
Original contribution to knowledge
Suggestion for further research
Conclusions
Budget
Requisition letter
Consent letter/form
Study requisition acceptance letter
Ethical clearance letter
Questionnaire
Key Informant Interviews
Individual structured interviews
Structured Interviews with Pregnant and Teenage Mothers
Demographic characteristics of the participants